{"id":3584,"date":"2015-02-08T17:34:33","date_gmt":"2015-02-08T17:34:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jurmed.ro\/medici\/?p=3584"},"modified":"2015-04-01T11:44:25","modified_gmt":"2015-04-01T11:44:25","slug":"comunicarea-practica-medicala-eficientizarea-comunicarii-cu-pacientul-o-necesitate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jurmed.ro\/medici\/comunicarea-practica-medicala-eficientizarea-comunicarii-cu-pacientul-o-necesitate\/","title":{"rendered":"Comunicarea \u00een practica medical\u0103. Eficientizarea comunic\u0103rii cu pacientul \u2013 o necesitate"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"STYL5084\" Ph. Mihaela Gabor Naidin, manager marketing, Clinicco Bra\u015fov<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cred c\u0103 tuturor ni s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat la un moment dat s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2nem f\u0103r\u0103 cuvinte \u00een fa\u0163a celui din fa\u0163a noastr\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 avem sentimentul de dificultate \u00een a ne exprima punctul de vedere \u00eentr- un mod c\u00e2t mai clar \u015fi c\u00e2t mai corect. Aceasta este o situa\u0163ie \u00een care nu prea ne dorim s\u0103 fim \u015fi important este c\u0103, indiferent cine ne este interlocutorul s\u0103 g\u0103sim acele cuvinte\/comportamente prin care s\u0103 putem transmite \u00eentr-un mod eficient mesajul, informa\u0163ia, starea. Prin comunicare, omul modern se analizeaz\u0103 pe sine, \u00eei analizeaz\u0103 pe cei cu care se afl\u0103 \u00een interac\u0163iune \u015fi – \u00een ultim\u0103 instan\u0163\u0103 – poate g\u0103si un mod propriu de investigare a lumii care-l \u00eenconjoar\u0103.
\nPartea de comunicare \u00een mediul medical necesit\u0103 mai mult\u0103 aten\u0163ie datorit\u0103 faptului c\u0103 aceasta are \u00een centru pacientul, care se prezint\u0103 \u00een plin\u0103 suferin\u0163\u0103 \u015fi incertitudine \u00een fa\u0163a medicului. <\/p>\n

Comunicarea este cel mai important lucru \u00een stabilirea rela\u0163iei cu pacientul, cu apar\u0163in\u0103torii \u015fi cu ceilal\u0163i membri ai echipei medicale. „A \u015fti s\u0103 ascul\u0163i este prima condi\u0163ie a unui dialog”. Comunicarea reprezint\u0103 un ansamblu de cuvinte \u015fi gesturi prin intermediul c\u0103rora se transmit \u015fi primesc mesaje. Ca proces important \u00een actul medical, comunicarea este un proces activ de transmitere \u015fi recep\u0163ionare de informa\u0163ii, \u00een care cel pu\u0163in unul dintre partenerii de comunicare trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 abilit\u0103\u0163i de ascultare activ\u0103, \u00een\u0163elegere a mesajului \u015fi de a r\u0103spunde unor \u00eentreb\u0103ri, interpretare a limbajului nonverbal, motivare a interlocutorului pentru ca acesta s\u0103 sus\u0163in\u0103 conversa\u0163ia. Exist\u0103 trei componente ale comunic\u0103rii prin intermediul c\u0103rora transmitem informa\u0163ii c\u0103tre ceilal\u0163i: verbal\u0103, non-verbal\u0103 \u015fi paraverbal\u0103. Dintre acestea, nivelul logic (deci cel al cuvintelor) reprezinta doar 7% din totalul actului de comunicare; 38% are loc la nivel paraverbal (ton, volum, viteza de rostire\u2026) si 55% la nivelul non-verbal (limbajul corpului). A-i asculta pe pacien\u0163i este la fel de important ca \u015fi a vorbi cu ei! Indiferent de specialitatea pe care o are medicul, atunci c\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 comunice cu pacientul pe care \u00eel trateaz\u0103, acesta trebuie s\u0103 fie atent la ce spune \u015fi, mai ales, cum spune. Pentru realizarea unei comunic\u0103ri eficiente are nevoie de timp suficient pentru a stabili o rela\u0163ie cu bolnavul. Empatia \u00een comunicare este \u015fi ea extrem de important\u0103, deoarece cu ajutorul ei medicul poate \u00een\u0163elege mai bine prin ce st\u0103ri trece pacientul \u015fi \u00eel poate \u00eencuraja s\u0103 se exprime deschis \u015fi ne\u00eengr\u0103dit. Calitatea informa\u0163iilor ob\u0163inute de medic \u00een timpul consulta\u0163iilor este str\u00e2ns legat\u0103 de abilit\u0103\u0163ile de comunicare ale medicului \u015fi ale pacientului.<\/p>\n

Rela\u0163ia medic-pacient constituie una dintre aspectele fundamentale cu care se ocup\u0103 psihologia medical\u0103. \u00cen practica medical\u0103 comunicarea are \u015fi un rol terapeutic \u015fi uneori ne \u00eendreapt\u0103 \u015fi c\u0103tre psihologia medical\u0103.Conform P.Popescu-Neveanu, psihologia medical\u0103 este \u201c\u015ftiin\u0163a care studiaz\u0103 psihologia bolnavului \u015fi a rela\u0163iei sale cu ambian\u0163a, legaturile sale subiective cu pesonalul medico-sanitar \u015fi cu familia; ea prive\u015fte bolnavul nu numai din punct de vedere al organismului dereglat, ci \u015fi din punct de vedere al subiectivit\u0103\u0163ii sale, al naturii sale umane\u201d. Politzer arat\u0103 c\u0103 psihologia medical\u0103 este ,,psihologia care pune \u00een centrul ei drama persoanei umane aflate \u00een situa\u0163ia de boal\u0103\u201d. \u00cen acest context putem spune c\u0103 a comunica cu pacien\u0163ii este un proces complex care cere aten\u0163ie,timp,efort,implicare,preg\u0103tire.<\/p>\n

Rela\u0163ia medic-pacient reprezint\u0103 cadrul \u00een care se desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 actul medical. Poate fi considerat\u0103 ca o rela\u0163ie: Social\u0103, Psihologic\u0103, Cultural\u0103. Orice medic trebuie nu doar s\u0103 aib\u0103 cuno\u015ftin\u0163e practice despre starea medical\u0103 a pacientului, dar \u015fi s\u0103 fie familiarizat asupra psihologiei individuale a pacientului. Este de datoria medicului s\u0103 se fac\u0103 perceput corect de c\u0103tre pacien\u0163ii s\u0103i pentru a fi cunoscute caracteristicile rolului \u015fi statutului de practicare a medicinei \u00een societatea contemporan\u0103.
\nPentru practicarea profesiunii medicale sunt necesare aptitudini deosebite. Unele dintre ele au un caracter general sau comun oric\u0103rei activit\u0103\u0163i intelectuale \u015fi se bazeaz\u0103 pe existen\u0163a aptitudinii generale a inteligen\u0163ei superioare. Aptitudini particulare necesare profesiunii medicale sunt: spiritul de observa\u0163ie, abilitatea de a comunica, acordarea unei valori importante demnit\u0103\u0163ii condi\u0163iei umane, r\u0103bdarea \u015fi compasiunea, \u00een\u0163elegerea empatic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Comunicarea \u00een rela\u0163ia medic \u2013 pacient este foarte important\u0103 \u00een practica medical\u0103. Motive etice, morale, profesionale, oblig\u0103 medicul s\u0103 ofere pacientului informa\u0163ii relevante asupra bolii lor. Comunicarea \u00een relatia medic \u2013 pacient \u00eenseamn\u0103 a raspunde prompt, onest \u015fi \u00een\u0163elegere la diferite nevoi \u015fi cereri fa\u0163\u0103 de actul medical, care va trebui \u00eenso\u0163it \u00eentotdeauna de con\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 etic\u0103; via\u0163a apare ca valoarea cea mai ridicat\u0103 a lumii materiale, iar s\u0103n\u0103tatea reprezint\u0103 bunul suprem al omului, ea nu are pre\u0163. \u00cen aceste situa\u0163ii felul \u00een care alegem s\u0103 rela\u0163ion\u0103m cu pacientul \u00een func\u0163ie de situa\u0163ia \u00een care ne afl\u0103m ne poate fi de mare ajutor dac\u0103 \u00een\u0163elegem rolul comunic\u0103rii. Comunicarea este un instrument pe care-l folosim zi de zi, \u00een mediu familial, de serviciu, de prieteni \u015fi poate fi \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163it\u0103 \u00een timp, prin practic\u0103 \u015fi antrenament. <\/p>\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u015fte, comunicarea terapeutic\u0103 trebuie v\u0103zut\u0103 ca o interac\u0163iune dintre medic \u015fi pacient, \u00een cursul c\u0103reia medicul se focalizeaz\u0103 pe nevoia pacientului de a promova un schimb eficient de informa\u0163ii cu medicul. Comunicarea cu pacientul trebuie s\u0103 fie concordan\u0163\u0103 cu starea lui actual\u0103, cu posibilit\u0103\u0163ile lui de \u00een\u0163elegere \u015fi asociat\u0103 cu elemente de sprijin pentru a influen\u0163a pozitiv evolu\u0163ia bolii sale.<\/p>\n

Scopul comunic\u0103rii medicale implic\u0103 stabilirea rela\u0163iei terapeutice, \u00een\u0163elegerea perspectivei pacientului, explorarea g\u00e2ndurilor \u015fi emo\u0163iilor acestuia \u015fi ghidarea acestuia \u00een rezolvarea de probleme. Cadrele medicale trebuie s\u0103 se aproprie \u015fi s\u0103-i cunoasc\u0103 mai bine pe beneficiarii \u00eengrijirilor, s\u0103 ofere \u00eengrijiri mai bune, individualizate, complete \u015fi continue. Altfel spus, ar fi de preferat ca pacien\u0163ii s\u0103 fie trata\u0163i necondi\u0163ionat. Boala este ruperea echilibrului armoniei, care se traduce prin suferin\u0163\u0103 fizic\u0103, psihic\u0103, o dificultate sau o inadaptare la o situa\u0163ie nou\u0103, provizorie sau definitiv\u0103. O persoan\u0103 \u201cintra \u00een boal\u0103\u201d cu un anumit tip de sistem nervos \u015fi de temperament, cu un anumit caracter \u015fi inteligen\u0163\u0103, cu o anumita ereditate, cu complexe \u015fi p\u0103reri preconcepute, cu un anumit orizont cultural \u015fi de aceea bolnavul ia diverse atitudini fa\u0163\u0103 de boal\u0103, dar \u00een acela\u015fi timp \u015fi fa\u0163\u0103 de echipa medical\u0103: \u00eencredere, stim\u0103, simpatie, \u00eens\u0103 \u2013 posibil – \u015fi \u00eendoial\u0103, team\u0103, dispre\u0163, ur\u0103. Competen\u0163a profesional\u0103 se demonstreaz\u0103 prin cuno\u015ftin\u0163e teoretice aprofundate \u015fi capacitatea de a le aplica \u00eentr-o activitate creatoare, de \u00eengrijire individualizat\u0103, personalizat\u0103, competent\u0103 \u015fi uman\u0103.<\/p>\n

Componen\u0163ele esen\u0163iale ale comunic\u0103rii terapeutice sunt: Confiden\u0163ialitatea, Caracterul privat, Respectul pentru limite, Dezv\u0103luirea de sine, Atingerea, Ascultarea activ\u0103, Utilizarea abilit\u0103\u0163ilor de observare.
\n\u00cen concluzie, comunicarea conteaz\u0103. Comunicarea faciliteaz\u0103 realizarea unei rela\u0163ii de \u00eencredere medic-pacient, a unei adev\u0103rate alian\u0163e cu scopul \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163irii calit\u0103\u0163ii vie\u0163ii \u015fi a st\u0103rii de s\u0103n\u0103tate a pacientului, \u015fi, de ce nu, a cre\u015fterii prestigiului medicului. Rela\u0163ia medic \u2013 pacient se bazeaz\u0103 pe o comunicare adev\u0103rat\u0103, autentic\u0103. Comunicarea autentic\u0103 implic\u0103 o ascultare \u00een care e\u015fti atent la cuvintele, valorile \u015fi lumea interioar\u0103 a celuilalt. <\/p>\n

Bibliografie:<\/strong>
\n1.Publica\u0163ii
\nAlina Coman – 2008 – \u201cTehnici de comunicare \u201c \u2013 Bucuresti \u2013 Rom\u00e2nia \u2013 Editura C.H.Beck
\nA.F.van der Brug, A.E. de Vrede Filip – 1996 – \u201eManual de nursing psihiatric\u201d – Olanda – MAD Foundation, Ermelo
\nMartin Mueller – 2008 – \u201ePsihologie sociala, experien\u0163a personal\u0103 din Germania\u201d – Cluj-Napoca \u2013 Rom\u00e2nia – Editura \u201eLimes\u201d
\n2.Documentare Web:
\nProf. dr. Doina Cosman, catedra de psihologie clinica, UMF CLUJ – Comunicarea \u00een medicina
\nDr. Loveanu T. Ionut Horia – Comunicarea \u00een cabinetul de medicina familiei
\nDirec\u0163ia de S\u0103n\u0103tate Public\u0103 Bihor \u2013 www.aspbihor.ro\/a-z\/c\/Comunicarea
\nComunicarea \u00eentre pacient \u015fi echipa medical\u0103 \u2013 www.medicult\u0103u.com
\nEtica \u2013 Cuv\u00e2nt f\u0103r\u0103 limite \u00een profesia de asistent medical \u2013 www.camr-bv.20m.com
\nComunicarea \u00een cabinetul de medicina familiei \u2013 Dr.Lauren\u0163iu Remus Badea \/Dr.Victor Daniel Ionescu ; www.coltuc.ro
\nTehnici pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163irea comunic\u0103rii medic-pacient (I) , Autor: Dr. Claudiu Tronciu Publicat, Medica Academica
\nFunda\u0163ia pentru SMURD \u2013Programe de instruire <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph. Mihaela Gabor Naidin, manager marketing, Clinicco Bra\u015fov Cred c\u0103 tuturor ni s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat la un moment dat s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2nem f\u0103r\u0103 cuvinte \u00een fa\u0163a celui din fa\u0163a noastr\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3934,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-articole","category-marketing"],"yoast_head":"\nComunicarea \u00een practica medical\u0103. 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