{"id":7989,"date":"2018-04-17T13:31:03","date_gmt":"2018-04-17T13:31:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jurmed.ro\/medici\/?p=7989"},"modified":"2018-04-17T13:31:03","modified_gmt":"2018-04-17T13:31:03","slug":"infectiile-respiratorii-la-copii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jurmed.ro\/medici\/infectiile-respiratorii-la-copii\/","title":{"rendered":"Infec\u021biile respiratorii la copii"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Radu BOIE\u0218AN, medic specialist pediatru, Aria Clinic, Sibiu<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00cen func\u021bie de natura agentului etiologic, infec\u021biile respiratorii se clasific\u0103 \u00een: virale <\/strong>\u0219i bacteriene<\/strong>. De altfel, peste 80% din infec\u021biile c\u0103ilor aeriene la copii sunt virale; de aici \u0219i indica\u021bia de a NU se administra, per primam, antibiotice. Bine\u00een\u021beles, trebuie \u021binut cont \u0219i de contextul clinic (eventual \u0219i paraclinic) \u0219i nu doar de cel epidemiologic, atunci c\u00e2nd alegem s\u0103 administr\u0103m sau nu antibiotice.<\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 clasificare a infec\u021biilor acute de c\u0103i respiratorii (IACR) la copil face referire la localizarea procesului patologic. Astfel, IACR se clasific\u0103 \u00een infec<\/strong>\u021bii acute de c\u0103i respiratorii superioare <\/strong>(rino-faringit\u0103 acut\u0103, faringit\u0103 acut\u0103, sinuzit\u0103 acut\u0103 \u0219i otit\u0103<\/p>\n

acut\u0103) \u0219i infec<\/strong>\u021bii acute de c\u0103i respiratorii inferioare <\/strong>(laringit\u0103 acut\u0103 subglotic\u0103, epiglotit\u0103 \u2013 mult mai rar\u0103 sau aproape absent\u0103 \u00een zilele noastre datorit\u0103 vaccin\u0103rii pentru H. influenzae tip B, bronsiolit\u0103 acut\u0103 de tip emfizematos, pneumonia acut\u0103 \u0219i bronhopneumonia).<\/p>\n

Simptomatologia \u00een infec\u021biile de c\u0103i respiratorii variaz\u0103 de la un copil la altul \u0219i, bine\u00een\u021beles, variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de localizarea inflama\u021biei. \u00cen IACRS, ini\u021bial, copilul prezint\u0103 obstruc\u021bie nazal\u0103, cu sau f\u0103r\u0103 rinoree seroas\u0103 care, ulterior, poate deveni muco-purulent\u0103.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, mai pot ap\u0103rea tuse, ini\u021bial iritative, apoi productive \u0219i subfebrilit\u0103\u021bi\/febr\u0103. Copiii mari pot acuza odinofagie, otalgie si cefalee. Infec\u021biile acute de c\u0103i respiratorii inferioare se pot manifesta prin tuse, febr\u0103, wheezing, respira\u021bie dificil\u0103. Un caracter aparte \u00eel reprezint\u0103 tusea din laringita acut\u0103 subglotica care are un timbru \u201emetalic\u201d, popular este numit\u0103 \u0219i tuse \u201el\u0103tr\u0103toare\u201d. Sugarii cu IACRI pot fi somnolen\u021bi sau, dimpotriv\u0103, foarte agita\u021bi \u0219i pot refuza par\u021bial sau \u00een totalitate alimenta\u021bia.<\/p>\n

Tratamentul recomandat \u00een IACRS este de obicei simptomatic (toaleta nazal\u0103, antitermice, antitusive), iar \u00een IACRI, \u00een func\u021bie de starea general\u0103 a copilului, se recomand\u0103 spitalizarea. Evolu\u021bia infec\u021biilor de c\u0103i respiratorii superioare este, de cele<\/p>\n

mai multe ori bun\u0103, iar simptomele dispar dup\u0103 5-7 zile de tratament. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, evolu\u021bia IACRI, mai ales la sugari \u0219i la copiii mici, poate fi imprevizibil\u0103<\/p>\n

chiar \u0219i cu tratament corect \u0219i prompt ini\u021biat sub supraveghere medical\u0103.<\/p>\n

Prevenirea infec\u021biilor respiratorii se poate realize prin evitarea locurilor aglomerate \u0219i a persoanelor care prezint\u0103 semne \u0219i simptome de r\u0103ceal\u0103. Se mai recomand\u0103, de asemenea, \u0219i regulile de igien\u0103 personal\u0103, sp\u0103larea frecvent\u0103 a m\u00e2inilor, dar<\/p>\n

\u0219i aerisirea \u00eenc\u0103perilor. Vaccinarea antigripal\u0103 se recomand\u0103 de la v\u00e2rsta de 6 luni, dar trebuie men\u021bionat fapul c\u0103 aceasta protejeaz\u0103 doar de infec\u021bia gripal\u0103.<\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, cu pu\u021bin\u0103 aten\u021bie din partea p\u0103rin\u021bilor \u0219i cu controale periodice la medicul de familie \u0219i la pediatru, infec\u021biile respiratorii la copil pot fi tratate relativ cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103, evit\u00e2nd complica\u021biile care pot pune via\u021ba copilului \u00een pericol.<\/p>\n

Infec\u0163iile respiratorii la copii au constituit \u015fi constituie \u015fi \u00een prezent, at\u00e2t \u00een \u0163ara noastr\u0103, c\u00e2t \u015fi la nivel mondial, o problem\u0103 important\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103. Una dintre cele mai mari probleme de mortalitate \u015fi morbiditate, la nivel mondial, o reprezint\u0103 infec\u0163iile de tract respirator la copii. \u00cen func\u0163ie de sezon, acestea pot constitui mai mult de jum\u0103tate din \u00eentreaga patologie pediatric\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u00cen func\u021bie de natura agentului etiologic, infec\u021biile respiratorii se clasific\u0103 \u00een: virale \u0219i bacteriene. De altfel, peste 80% din infec\u021biile c\u0103ilor aeriene la copii sunt virale; de aici \u0219i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7990,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[453],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-pediatrie"],"yoast_head":"\nInfec\u021biile respiratorii la copii - Jurmed - Medici<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Infec\u021biile respiratorii la copii\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jurmed.ro\/medici\/infectiile-respiratorii-la-copii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Infec\u021biile respiratorii la copii - 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