{"id":9688,"date":"2019-12-02T11:58:38","date_gmt":"2019-12-02T11:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jurmed.ro\/medici\/?p=9688"},"modified":"2019-12-02T12:28:47","modified_gmt":"2019-12-02T12:28:47","slug":"impactul-socio-economic-al-afectiunilor-neurologice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jurmed.ro\/medici\/impactul-socio-economic-al-afectiunilor-neurologice\/","title":{"rendered":"Impactul socio-economic al afec\u021biunilor neurologice"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Autor: Doctor neurolog Bianca-Nitu\u00a0Neuroaxis<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Costul economic al bolilor devine un parametru din ce \u00een ce mai important pentru politicile de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i de cercetare, dar lipsesc adesea analize solide.<\/p>\n

Bolile neurologice reprezint\u0103 una dintre cele mai mari poveri \u0219i provoc\u0103ri \u00een societatea noastr\u0103; ele includ tulbur\u0103ri grave de dizabilitate, cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een cazul demen\u021bei, bolii Parkinson \u0219i a sclerozei\u00a0 multiple.<\/p>\n

Costul european total al afec\u021biunilor cerebrale \u00een anul 2010 a fost de 798 miliarde \u20ac, din care costurile directe de \u00eengrijire a s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii (asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103 spitaliceasc\u0103 \u015fi medicamente) au fost de 37%, costul direct non-medical (costurile de asisten\u021b\u0103 oferit\u0103 pentru compensarea limit\u0103rilor) a fost de 23%, iar costul indirect (absenteismul de la locul de munc\u0103, pensie anticipat\u0103 etc.) a fost de 40%.<\/p>\n

\u00cen medie \u00een Europa, costul pe cap de locuitor a fost de 5.550 \u20ac, cu varia\u021bii foarte mari \u00eentre \u0163\u0103ri. Cele mai mari costuri pe cap de locuitor au fost \u00een Luxembourg (2.607 \u20ac), U.K. (2.169 \u20ac) \u015fi Norvegia (2.104 \u20ac), iar la polul opus afl\u00e2ndu-se Rom\u00e2nia (525 \u20ac) \u0219i Bulgaria (421 \u20ac).<\/p>\n

Costul mediu european pe cap de locuitor, cu afec\u021biuni ale creierului, a variat \u00eentre 285 \u20ac pentru dureri de cap \u0219i 30.000 \u20ac pentru tulbur\u0103ri neuromusculare.<\/p>\n

Costul total anual per afec\u021biune (\u00een miliarde \u20ac 2010) a fost urm\u0103torul: demen\u021ba 105,2; boala Parkinson 13,9; accidentul vascular cerebral 64,1; epilepsie 13,8; scleroz\u0103 multipl\u0103 14,6; tulbur\u0103ri neuromusculare 7,7; tulbur\u0103ri de dispozi\u021bie 113,4; dependen\u021b\u0103 65,7; tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate 74,4; tumori ale creierului 5,2; cefaleea 43,5; tulbur\u0103ri de personalitate 27,3; tulbur\u0103ri psihotice 93,9; tulbur\u0103ri de somn 35,4; tulburare somatoform\u0103 21,2; leziuni cerebrale traumatice 33. [J. Olesen et al 2012].<\/em><\/p>\n

The European Heart Network a raportat un cost al bolilor cardiovasculare de 192 de miliarde \u20ac (http:\/\/www.ehnheart.org). Costul cancerului a fost estimat diferit, \u00een diferite studii, \u00eentre 150 \u0219i 250 de miliarde \u20ac (http:\/\/www.comparatorreports.se), iar costul direct al \u00eengrijirilor pentru diabetul zaharat tip II a fost cuprins \u00eentre 20 \u0219i 83 miliarde \u20ac, la care ar trebui ad\u0103ugat un cost indirect necunoscut. [Jonsson B.et al 2002].<\/em><\/p>\n

Bolile neurologice reprezint\u0103 una dintre cele mai importante probleme medicale \u0219i socio-economice ale timpurilor noastre \u0219i\u00a0 afecteaz\u0103 oameni de toate v\u00e2rstele. Din aceast\u0103 categorie fac parte: boala Alzheimer,\u00a0 boala Parkinson, scleroza lateral\u0103 amiotrofic\u0103, scleroza multipl\u0103, boala Huntington etc. [Paulsen JS et al 2013].<\/em><\/p>\n

Bolile neurodegenerative rezult\u0103 din degenerarea treptat\u0103 \u0219i moartea neuronilor, se extind mult dincolo de caracteristica evident\u0103 a simptomelor bolii, av\u00e2nd un impact fizic, mental, social, profesional \u0219i familial asupra pacien\u021bilor \u0219i pot duce la o incapacitate total\u0103 de a desf\u0103\u0219ura orice tip de activitate de zi cu zi, sc\u0103z\u00e2nd calitatea vie\u021bii. De exemplu, pacien\u021bii pot prezenta probleme motorii, sl\u0103biciune, oboseal\u0103, dificult\u0103\u021bi de respira\u021bie, pierderi senzoriale, tulbur\u0103ri de somn, depresie \u015fi probleme cognitive.<\/p>\n

Demen\u021ba este un termen umbrel\u0103 pentru mai multe boli care sunt \u00een mare parte progresive, afecteaz\u0103 memoria, alte abilit\u0103\u021bi cognitive \u015fi\/sau comportamentul \u0219i interfereaz\u0103 semnificativ cu capacitatea persoanei de a-\u0219i desf\u0103\u0219ura activit\u0103\u021bile zilnice.<\/p>\n

Recenzia ultimului raport al Organiza\u021biei Mondiale a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii (OMS) de la Geneva, din 7 Decembrie 2017, estimeaz\u0103 ca, la nivel global, demen\u021ba afecteaz\u0103 47,5 milioane persoane, aproape 9,9 milioane persoane dezvolt\u00e2nd demen\u0163\u0103 \u00een fiecare an; acest num\u0103r se traduce printr-un nou caz la fiecare 3,2 secunde. [Prince et al. 2015].<\/em><\/p>\n

Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce popula\u021bia \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2ne\u0219te, num\u0103rul persoanelor care vor dezvolta demen\u021b\u0103 la nivel global se a\u0219teapt\u0103 s\u0103 se tripleze, de la 50 milioane 152 milioane p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anul 2050.
\nFactorii de risc includ inactivitatea fizic\u0103, obezitatea, dietele dezechilibrate, consumul de tutun \u0219i alcool, diabetul zaharat, hipertensiunea, depresia, nivelul sc\u0103zut de educa\u0163ie, izolarea social\u0103 \u0219i inactivitatea cognitiv\u0103.
\nCunoa\u0219terea \u0219i con\u0219tientizarea acestor informa\u021bii, precum \u0219i schimbarea stilului de via\u021b\u0103 sunt lucruri de o important\u0103 valoare pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea noastr\u0103.<\/p>\n

Problema major\u0103 este c\u0103 aceste tulbur\u0103ri sunt detectate \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit cu \u00eent\u00e2rziere \u0219i restric\u021bioneaz\u0103 eficacitatea op\u021biunilor de tratament.<\/p>\n

Prin urmare, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 se sprijine cercetarea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u00een acest domeniu, s\u0103 se accelereze descoperirea cauzelor \u0219i mecanismelor bolilor neurodegenerative \u0219i s\u0103 se dezvolte tratamente preventive, mai potrivite simptomelor fiec\u0103rei boli. \u00cen mod similar, este important s\u0103 se evalueze impactul bolilor \u00een dimensiunile calit\u0103\u021bii vie\u021bii legate de s\u0103n\u0103tate. [Welsh MD et al 2001]. <\/em><\/p>\n

Majoritatea \u00eengrijirilor sunt asigurate de familia persoanei bolnave, se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-o diversitate de interven\u021bii \u00een func\u021bie de nevoile specifice ale pacientului \u0219i acoper\u0103 diferite aspecte ale s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii \u0219i bun\u0103st\u0103rii persoanelor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, cum ar fi suport psihologic, emo\u021bional \u0219i financiar, precum \u015fi asisten\u021b\u0103 \u00een activit\u0103\u021bile organiz\u0103rii vie\u021bii de zi cu zi. Durata, frecven\u021ba \u0219i intensitatea acestor \u00eengrijiri sunt strict legate de cerin\u021bele obiective ale fazei de evolu\u021bie a bolii.<\/p>\n

Conceptul de calitate a vie\u021bii este utilizat \u00een mod divers pentru a indica s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i starea func\u021bional\u0103, starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate perceput\u0103, s\u0103n\u0103tatea subiectiv\u0103, percep\u021bia s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, simptomele, satisfac\u021bia, cunoa\u0219terea, dizabilitatea func\u021bional\u0103, tulburarea \u0219i bun\u0103starea. [Kern RZ et al. 2004].<\/em><\/p>\n

Studiile arat\u0103 c\u0103 persoanele care \u00eengrijesc pacien\u021bii cu demen\u021b\u0103 sau alte boli neurologice (de exemplu, accident vascular cerebral sau boala Parkinson) [Carod-Artalet al. 2013]<\/em> cu suferin\u021b\u0103 psihologic\u0103 important\u0103 (depresie, anxietate sau probleme de somn) [Weinbrecht et al., 2016] <\/em>au o rat\u0103 a mortalit\u0103\u0163ii mai mare. [McKibbin et al., 2005; Pinquart \u0219i S\u00f6rensen 2006]. <\/em><\/p>\n

Pentru a face fa\u021b\u0103 provoc\u0103rii enorme cauzate de cre\u0219terea global\u0103 a demen\u021bei \u0219i a bolilor neurodegenerative, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 se dezvolte o ac\u021biune politic\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere costul ridicat al afec\u021biunilor neurologice. Este nevoie de ini\u021biative \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te sporirea finan\u021b\u0103rii cercet\u0103rii creierului, \u00eengrijirile pentru pacien\u0163ii cu tulbur\u0103ri cerebrale, precum \u015fi preven\u021bia prin predare \u00een \u015fcoli a educa\u021biei sanitare pe de o parte \u015fi combaterea factorilor de risc pe de alt\u0103 parte.<\/p>\n

La nivel global consider c\u0103 cel mai important lucru este con\u0219tientizarea la nivelul popula\u021biei generale a faptului c\u0103 un regim de via\u0163\u0103 echilibrat, s\u0103n\u0103tos \u015fi cu activitate fizic\u0103 zilnic\u0103 precum \u0219i preven\u021bia factorilor de risc cardiovasculari pot preveni apari\u0163ia unor boli neurologice.<\/p>\n

BIBLIOGRAFIE <\/em><\/p>\n

Carod-Artal, F. J., Mesquita, H. M., Ziomkowski, S., & Martinez-Martin, P. (2013). Burden and health-related quality of life among caregivers of Brazilian Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 19(11), 943\u2013948.<\/em><\/h5>\n
Chekani F, Bali V, Aparasu RR (2015)<\/em>\u00a0Quality of life of patients with Parkinson’s disease and neurodegenerative dementia: A nationally representative study. Res Social Adm Pharm S: 1551-7411.<\/em><\/a><\/h5>\n
Kern RZ, Brown AD (2004)<\/em>\u00a0Disease adaptation may have decreased quality-of-life responsiveness in patients with chronic progressive neurological disorders. J ClinEpidemiol 57: 1033-1039.<\/em><\/a><\/h5>\n
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    Olesen, AU. Gustavsson,, M. Svensson, HU. Wittchen and B. Jo\u00a8nssonf on behalf of the CDB 2010 study group and the European Brain Council, The economic cost of brain disorders in Europe, European Journal of Neurology 2012, 19: 155\u2013162.<\/em><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u00a0Jonsson B. Revealing the cost of Type II diabetes in Europe. Diabetologia 2002; 45: S5\u2013S12.<\/em><\/h5>\n
    Maresova P, Klimova B, Novotny M, Kuca K., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases: Expected Economic Impact on Europe-A Call for a Uniform European Strategy, J Alzheimers Dis. 2016 Oct 4;54(3): 1123-1133.<\/em><\/h5>\n
    McKibbin, C. L., Ancoli-Israel, S., Dimsdale, J., Archuleta, C., von Kanel, R., Mills, P., et al. <\/em>(2005). Sleep in spousal caregivers of people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sleep, 28(10), 1245\u20131250.<\/em><\/h5>\n
    Paulsen JS, Nance M, Kim J, Carlozzi NE, Panegyres PK, et al. (2013<\/em> A review of quality of life after predictive testing for and earlier identification of neurodegenerative diseases, <\/em>Prog Neurobiol.<\/em><\/a>\u00a02013 Nov; 110:2-28.<\/em><\/h5>\n
    Prince, M., Wimo, A., Guerchet, M., Ali, G. C., Wu, Y. T., & Prina, M. (2015). World Alzheimer Report 2015. The global impact of dementia. An analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost and trends. London: Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International. Quayhagen, M. P., & Quayhagen, M. (1989). <\/em><\/h5>\n
    Pinquart, M., & S\u00f6rensen, S. (2006). Helping caregivers of persons with dementia: Which interventions work and how large are their effects? International Psychogeriatrics, 18(4), 577\u2013595.<\/em><\/h5>\n
    Welsh MD (2001)<\/em>\u00a0Measurement of quality of life in neurodegenerative disorders. CurrNeurolNeurosci Rep 1: 346-9.<\/em><\/a><\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Costul economic al bolilor devine un parametru din ce \u00een ce mai important pentru politicile de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i de cercetare, dar lipsesc adesea analize solide. Bolile neurologice reprezint\u0103 una dintre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":9689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,277],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-articole","category-neurologie"],"yoast_head":"\nImpactul socio-economic al afec\u021biunilor neurologice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Impactul socio-economic al afec\u021biunilor neurologice Autor: Doctor-neurolog-Neuroaxis-Bianca-Nitu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jurmed.ro\/medici\/impactul-socio-economic-al-afectiunilor-neurologice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Impactul socio-economic al afec\u021biunilor neurologice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Impactul socio-economic al afec\u021biunilor neurologice Autor: Doctor-neurolog-Neuroaxis-Bianca-Nitu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jurmed.ro\/medici\/impactul-socio-economic-al-afectiunilor-neurologice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jurmed - 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