{"id":9712,"date":"2025-01-22T14:13:55","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T14:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jurmed.ro\/pacienti\/?p=9712"},"modified":"2025-01-22T14:13:55","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T14:13:55","slug":"dificultatile-de-invatare-la-varsta-prescolara-si-scolara-mica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jurmed.ro\/pacienti\/dificultatile-de-invatare-la-varsta-prescolara-si-scolara-mica\/","title":{"rendered":"Dificult\u0103\u021bile de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare la v\u00e2rsta pre\u0219colar\u0103 \u0219i \u0219colar\u0103 mic\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
Dificult\u0103\u021bile de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare pot fi identificate \u00eenc\u0103 din perioada pre\u0219colar\u0103 inclusiv de c\u0103tre familie, \u00eenainte ca profesorul\/\u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103torul s\u0103 le depisteze.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Copiii ce prezint\u0103 tulbur\u0103ri de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare sunt aceia care manifest\u0103 o discrepan\u021b\u0103 educativ\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 \u00eentre poten\u021bialul lor intelectual estimat \u015fi nivelul actual de performan\u021b\u0103, discrepan\u021b\u0103 asociabil\u0103 cu tulbur\u0103rile bazale \u00een procesele de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare care pot fi sau nu conectate cu disfunc\u021bii demonstrabile ale Sistemului Nervos Central (SNC), dar care nu sunt consecin\u021ba \u00eent\u00e2rzierii mintale generalizate, caren\u021belor culturale sau educative, tulbur\u0103rilor emo\u021bionale severe sau unor deficien\u021be senzoriale.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
De\u015fi tiparele \u00een care se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 cre\u015fterea copiilor variaz\u0103 de la individ la individ, dezvoltarea inegal\u0103 sau \u00eent\u00e2rzierile semnificative \u00een dezvoltare pot semnala prezen\u021ba dificult\u0103\u021bii de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare. Este foarte important de re\u021binut c\u0103 aceste comportamente, enumerate mai jos, trebuie s\u0103 fie prezente continuu de-a lungul timpului, pentru a putea fi considerate a\u015fa-numite \u201dindicii prevestitoare\u201d.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Principalele manifest\u0103ri ale dificult\u0103\u021bilor de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare \u00eent\u00e2lnite la copilul pre\u0219colar:<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u2022 dezvoltarea \u00eenceat\u0103 \u00een rostirea cuvintelor \u015fi a formul\u0103rii propozi\u021biilor;<\/div>\n
\u2022 probleme de pronun\u021bie;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea de cuvinte noi;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een executarea unor comenzi simple;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een \u00een\u021belegerea \u00eentreb\u0103rilor;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een exprimarea dorin\u021belor;<\/div>\n
\u2022 pierderea interesului atunci c\u00e2nd i se cite\u015fte sau i se poveste\u015fte ceva;<\/div>\n
\u2022 probleme \u00een memorarea alfabetului sau a zilelor s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nii;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi privind cauza \u015fi efectul, succesiunea \u015fi num\u0103rarea;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een re\u021binerea ideilor de baz\u0103, cum ar fi: m\u0103rime, form\u0103, culoare;<\/div>\n
\u2022 copilul nu se poate concentra mult timp;<\/div>\n
\u2022 are un comportament impulsiv;<\/div>\n
\u2022 este hiperactiv, neobosit;<\/div>\n
\u2022 manifest\u0103 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een schimbarea activit\u0103\u021bilor;<\/div>\n
\u2022 repetarea obsesiv\u0103 a unei idei, inabilitatea de a trece la o alt\u0103 idee;<\/div>\n
\u2022 echilibru precar;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificultate \u00een manevrarea obiectelor mici;<\/div>\n
\u2022 st\u00e2ng\u0103cie la alergat, s\u0103rit sau c\u0103\u021b\u0103rat;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea leg\u0103rii \u015fireturilor, a \u00eencheierii nasturilor sau a altor activit\u0103\u021bi individuale;<\/div>\n
\u2022 evitarea coloratului sau a tras\u0103rii;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi de interac\u021bionare cu al\u021bii, prefer\u0103 s\u0103 se joace singur;<\/div>\n
\u2022 predispus la schimb\u0103ri bru\u015fte de temperament;<\/div>\n
\u2022 se simte repede frustrat.<\/div>\n
La v\u00e2rsta \u0219colarit\u0103\u021bii mici pot fi prezente elementele specifice grupei de v\u00e2rst\u0103 pre\u0219colar\u0103, la care se pot ad\u0103uga \u0219i:<\/div>\n
\u2022 \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea \u00eenceat\u0103 a sunetului corespunz\u0103tor literei;<\/div>\n
\u2022 erori repetate la citire sau la pronun\u021barea literelor;<\/div>\n
\u2022 inabilitate \u00een a reda o povestire pe episoade;<\/div>\n
\u2022 probleme la \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea timpului sau num\u0103rarea banilor;<\/div>\n
\u2022 confuzie la folosirea semnelor matematice (+, -, x, \/, =);<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een amintirea pa\u015filor matematici \u00een rezolvarea unor opera\u021bii mai dificile;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi de concentrare;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een terminarea temelor la timp;<\/div>\n
\u2022 aten\u021bie distributiv\u0103 precar\u0103;<\/div>\n
\u2022 probleme de \u00een\u021belegere a direc\u021biei (st\u00e2nga, dreapta);<\/div>\n
\u2022 respingerea ideilor, conceptelor noi sau schimb\u0103rilor \u00een rutina de zi cu zi;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi de coordonare sau st\u00e2ng\u0103cie;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een copiatul de la tabl\u0103;<\/div>\n
\u2022 scris inestetic, cu multe gre\u015feli \u015fi foarte greoi;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een \u00een\u021belegerea expresiilor faciale sau a gesturilor;<\/div>\n
\u2022 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een \u00een\u021belegerea situa\u021biilor sociale;<\/div>\n
\u2022 tendin\u021ba de a interpreta gre\u015fit comportamentul colegilor \u015fi al persoanelor din anturaj.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Ce pot s\u0103 fac\u0103 p\u0103rin\u021bii?<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u2022 s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 sincer despre problemele pe care le \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103 copilul;<\/div>\n
\u2022 s\u0103 aminteasc\u0103 permanent copilului c\u0103 este inteligent, dar este diferit de ceilal\u021bi, prin felul \u00een care \u00eenva\u021b\u0103;<\/div>\n
\u2022 s\u0103 identifice punctele forte \u015fi talentele copilului, s\u0103 \u00eel \u00eencurajeze, s\u0103 \u015fi le dezvolte;<\/div>\n
\u2022 antrenarea copilului \u00een strategii care s\u0103 ofere succesul unor activit\u0103\u021bi la care acesta are probleme;<\/div>\n
\u2022 sprijinirea permanent\u0103 a copilului c\u0103tre progres, realizare;<\/div>\n
\u2022 acordarea ajutorului la efectuarea temelor;<\/div>\n
\u2022 acordarea prin propriul comportament, a unui model, c\u00e2nd copilul cite\u015fte sau scrie;<\/div>\n
\u2022 stabilirea unor scopuri precise, a unor a\u015ftept\u0103ri realiste;<\/div>\n
\u2022 colaborarea cu speciali\u015ftii;<\/div>\n
\u2022 ascultarea copilului c\u00e2nd dore\u015fte s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103;<\/div>\n
\u2022 sprijinirea copilului \u00een identificarea propriilor nevoi \u015fi argumentarea rezolv\u0103rii acestora;<\/div>\n
\u2022 aprecierea copilului pentru unicitatea sa, calit\u0103\u021bile sale speciale \u015fi contribu\u021biile personale la activit\u0103\u021bi.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00cen cazul \u00een care observa\u021bi aceste dificult\u0103\u021bi v\u0103 pute\u021bi adresa unui psiholog clinician pentru realizarea unei evalu\u0103ri prin care s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 gradul de afectare a ariilor de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare \u0219i planul de interven\u021bie pentru recuperarea deficitului. Evaluarea este facut\u0103 pe baza unor baterii de teste specifice \u0219i adaptate v\u00e2rstei copilului.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Autor: psih. dr. Irina Dr\u0103gan<\/div>\n
Asocia\u021bia KinetoBebe<\/div>\n
www.kinetobebe.ro<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dificult\u0103\u021bile de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare pot fi identificate \u00eenc\u0103 din perioada pre\u0219colar\u0103 inclusiv de c\u0103tre familie, \u00eenainte ca profesorul\/\u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103torul s\u0103 le depisteze. Copiii ce prezint\u0103 tulbur\u0103ri de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare sunt aceia care manifest\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[67,340],"tags":[1333,884,1332,1331,907],"class_list":["post-9712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-articole","category-pediatrie","tag-dificultati-invatare","tag-kinetobebe","tag-prescolari","tag-psih-dr-irina-dragan","tag-recuperare-medicala"],"yoast_head":"\nDificult\u0103\u021bile de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare la v\u00e2rsta pre\u0219colar\u0103 \u0219i \u0219colar\u0103 mic\u0103 - Jurmed - Pacienti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jurmed.ro\/pacienti\/dificultatile-de-invatare-la-varsta-prescolara-si-scolara-mica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dificult\u0103\u021bile de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare la v\u00e2rsta pre\u0219colar\u0103 \u0219i \u0219colar\u0103 mic\u0103 - Jurmed - Pacienti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dificult\u0103\u021bile de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare pot fi identificate \u00eenc\u0103 din perioada pre\u0219colar\u0103 inclusiv de c\u0103tre familie, \u00eenainte ca profesorul\/\u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103torul s\u0103 le depisteze. 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